ASTM D4093-1995(2005)e1 透明或半透明塑性材料中双折射及残余应变的光弹性量度的标准试验方法
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【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforPhotoelasticMeasurementsofBirefringenceandResidualStrainsinTransparentorTranslucentPlasticMaterials
【原文标准名称】:透明或半透明塑性材料中双折射及残余应变的光弹性量度的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMD4093-1995(2005)e1
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:1995
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D20.10
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:双折射;试验;塑料;测量;应变
【英文主题词】:birefringence;photoelasticmeasurements;photoelasticretardation;strain;strainopticalconstant;transparentplastics
【摘要】:Theobservationandmeasurementofstrainsintransparentortranslucentmaterialsisextensivelyusedinvariousmodelingtechniquesofexperimentalstressanalysis.Internalstrainsinducedinmanufacturingprocessessuchascasting,molding,welding,extrusion,andpolymerstretchingcanbeassessedandpartexhibitingexcessivestrainsidentified.Suchmeasurementscanleadtoeliminationofdefectiveparts,processimprovement,controlofannealingoperation,etc.Whentestingforphysicalproperties,polariscopicexaminationofspecimensisrequired,toeliminatethosespecimensexhibitingabnormalinternalstrainlevel(ordefects).Forexample:TestMethodsD638(Note8)andD882(Note11)recommendapolariscopicexamination.Thebirefringenceoforientedpolymerscanberelatedtoorientation,shrinkage,etc.Themeasurementsofbirefringenceaidincharacterizationofthesepolymers.Formanymaterials,theremaybeaspecificationthatrequirestheuseofthistestmethod,butwithsomeproceduralmodificationsthattakeprecedencewhenadheringtothespecification.Therefore,itisadvisabletorefertothatmaterialspecificationbeforeusingthistestmethod.Table1ofClassificationSystemD4000liststheASTMmaterialsstandardsthatcurrentlyexist.1.1Thistestmethodcoversmeasurementsofdirectionofprincipalstrains,1and2,andthephotoelasticretardation,,usingacompensator,forthepurposeofanalyzingstrainsintransparentortranslucentplasticmaterials.Thistestmethodcanbeusedtomeasurebirefringenceandtodeterminethedifferenceofprincipalstrainsornormalstrainswhentheprincipaldirectionsdonotchangesubstantiallywithinthelightpath.1.2Inadditiontothemethodusingacompensatordescribedinthistestmethod,othermethodsareinuse,suchasthegoniometricmethod(usingrotationoftheanalyzer)mostlyappliedformeasuringsmallretardation,andexpressingitasafractionofawavelength.Nonvisualmethodsemployingspectrophotometricmeasurementsandeliminatingthehumanjudgmentfactorarealsopossible.1.3Testdataobtainedbythistestmethodisrelevantandappropriateforuseinengineeringdesign.1.4ThevaluesstatedineitherSIunitsorinch-poundunitsaretoberegardedasstandard.Thevaluesstatedineachsystemmaynotbeexactequivalents;therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependentlyoftheother.Combiningvaluesfromthetwosystemsmayresultinnonconformancewiththestandard.Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.Note1ThereisnoknownISOequivalenttothistestmethod.
【中国标准分类号】:G31
【国际标准分类号】:83_080_01
【页数】:11P.;A4
【正文语种】:
【原文标准名称】:透明或半透明塑性材料中双折射及残余应变的光弹性量度的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMD4093-1995(2005)e1
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:
【发布日期】:1995
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D20.10
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:双折射;试验;塑料;测量;应变
【英文主题词】:birefringence;photoelasticmeasurements;photoelasticretardation;strain;strainopticalconstant;transparentplastics
【摘要】:Theobservationandmeasurementofstrainsintransparentortranslucentmaterialsisextensivelyusedinvariousmodelingtechniquesofexperimentalstressanalysis.Internalstrainsinducedinmanufacturingprocessessuchascasting,molding,welding,extrusion,andpolymerstretchingcanbeassessedandpartexhibitingexcessivestrainsidentified.Suchmeasurementscanleadtoeliminationofdefectiveparts,processimprovement,controlofannealingoperation,etc.Whentestingforphysicalproperties,polariscopicexaminationofspecimensisrequired,toeliminatethosespecimensexhibitingabnormalinternalstrainlevel(ordefects).Forexample:TestMethodsD638(Note8)andD882(Note11)recommendapolariscopicexamination.Thebirefringenceoforientedpolymerscanberelatedtoorientation,shrinkage,etc.Themeasurementsofbirefringenceaidincharacterizationofthesepolymers.Formanymaterials,theremaybeaspecificationthatrequirestheuseofthistestmethod,butwithsomeproceduralmodificationsthattakeprecedencewhenadheringtothespecification.Therefore,itisadvisabletorefertothatmaterialspecificationbeforeusingthistestmethod.Table1ofClassificationSystemD4000liststheASTMmaterialsstandardsthatcurrentlyexist.1.1Thistestmethodcoversmeasurementsofdirectionofprincipalstrains,1and2,andthephotoelasticretardation,,usingacompensator,forthepurposeofanalyzingstrainsintransparentortranslucentplasticmaterials.Thistestmethodcanbeusedtomeasurebirefringenceandtodeterminethedifferenceofprincipalstrainsornormalstrainswhentheprincipaldirectionsdonotchangesubstantiallywithinthelightpath.1.2Inadditiontothemethodusingacompensatordescribedinthistestmethod,othermethodsareinuse,suchasthegoniometricmethod(usingrotationoftheanalyzer)mostlyappliedformeasuringsmallretardation,andexpressingitasafractionofawavelength.Nonvisualmethodsemployingspectrophotometricmeasurementsandeliminatingthehumanjudgmentfactorarealsopossible.1.3Testdataobtainedbythistestmethodisrelevantandappropriateforuseinengineeringdesign.1.4ThevaluesstatedineitherSIunitsorinch-poundunitsaretoberegardedasstandard.Thevaluesstatedineachsystemmaynotbeexactequivalents;therefore,eachsystemshallbeusedindependentlyoftheother.Combiningvaluesfromthetwosystemsmayresultinnonconformancewiththestandard.Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.Note1ThereisnoknownISOequivalenttothistestmethod.
【中国标准分类号】:G31
【国际标准分类号】:83_080_01
【页数】:11P.;A4
【正文语种】:
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